Showing posts with label Atatürk. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Atatürk. Show all posts

Friday, August 7, 2020

The Explorers' Club, № DCCLXII

Operation AXIOM: After the World War—The Paris Peace Conference, Part XII
10 August 1920: The Treaty of Sèvres was signed—As with the the other Central Powers, terms were imposed not negotiated; the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into League Mandates & Anatolia was to be partitioned into French, Italian, & Greek zones of influence & an international Zone of the Straits, leaving only a Turkish rump state; Atatürk's National Movement rejected Sèvres, as did the Greeks.






Lest we forget.

The Wayback Machine Tour of the Paris Peace Conference
№ DCLXVIII: The Paris Peace Conference began (Part I).
№ DCLXXIII: The draft Covenant of the League of Nations (Part II).
№ DCLXXXII: The Racial Equality Clause of the Covenant (Part III).
№ DCLXXXIV: The Italian walkout from the Peace Conference (Part IV).
№ DCXCVI: The Treaty of Versailles: Germany (Part V).
№ DCCVII: The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye: Austria (Part VI).
№ DCCXIII: The Lodge Reservations to the Covenant (Part VII).
№ DCCXXI: The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine: Bulgaria (Part VIII).
№ DCCXXVII: The League of Nations was established (Part IX).
№ DCCXXX: The Free City of Danzig (Part X).
№ DCCLIV: The Treaty of Trianon: Hungary (Part XI).

Bonus! Song o' the Treaty of Sèvres
Les Italiens, "Ottomania" from Les Italiens (Mike Papa Whiskey)

Monday, July 27, 2020

The Explorers' Club, № DCCLXI

Operation AXIOM: After the World War—The Greco-Turkish War, Part III
22 June-September 1920: The Greek Summer Offensive—The British & Greeks launched a series of coordinated attacks & amphibious landings throughout the lands south of the Sea of Marmara & the Aegean Region, advancing over 125 miles out from Smyrna; the captive Ottoman government in Constantinople countered Atatürk's nationalists by invoking the sultan's authority as Islamic caliph.






Lest we forget.

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

The Explorers' Club, № DCCXXXII

Operation AXIOM: After the World War—The Armenian Genocide, Part V
21 January-13 February 1920: The Maraş Affair—Turkish Nationalists attacked French colonial forces throughout Cilicia, leading to a three-week siege of Maraş; on the verge of the Turks agreeing to a ceasefire, the French withdrew, leading to the Turkish massacre of twelve thousand-plus Armenian civilians; five thousand Armenians fled alongside the French, but only fifteen hundred reached safety.





Lest we forget.

Commentary: The French commander who ordered the inexplicable & disastrous retreat, Robert Normand—who originated the order but lied, claiming to be acting on orders from above—later played a significant rôle in the construction of the infamous Maginot Line.