15 December 1970: The Venera 7 probe landed on Venus, the first probe to land on an alien planet; the probe transmitted data for fifty-three minutes inside the atmosphere, including twenty minutes on the planet's surface following a hard landing caused by partial parachute failure; the probe lifted off from the Kazakh S.S.R.'s Baikonur Cosmodrome atop a Molniya 8K78M rocket on 17 August.
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