The Explorers' Club, № DCCCXXXV

Operation AXIOM: The Cold War—The 60th Anniversary of the Berlin Wall
13 August 1961: East German & Soviet troops closed the borders between West Berlin/East Berlin & West Berlin/East Germany; workers & engineers began stringing up one hundred twenty-four miles of barbed wire & tearing up roads to render them impassable; concrete barriers & machine-gun towers would be added later; the East German name for the Wall was the "Anti-Fascist Protective Rampart."

Commentary: The Wall was described as a defensive barrier, the "Anti-Fascist Protective Rampart" (antifaschistischer Schutzwall), yet the machine guns were pointed inward at the Communist citizens of East Berlin & East Germany, not outward at the "fascist" citizens of West Berlin.